Acute complications of diabetes are severe and life-threatening conditions that can arise due to poorly managed blood glucose levels. The main acute complications include: 1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Occurs in: Mainly Type 1 diabetes, but can also occur in Type 2 diabetes. Cause: Lack of insulin leads to the breakdown of fat for energy, producing ketones, which are acidic. Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, fruity-scented breath, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations), confusion, and drowsiness. Treatment: Hospitalization with insulin therapy, rehydration, and electrolyte replacement. 2. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) Occurs in: Type 2 diabetes. Cause: Extremely high blood glucose levels (often over 600 mg/dL) without the presence of significant ketones, leading to severe dehydration and altered consciousness. Symptoms: Severe dehydration, excessive thirst, high fever, confusion, vision loss, and coma. Treatment: IV fluids, insulin, and electrolyt...