Pleural effusions are an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall. Normally, this space contains a small amount of fluid that helps lubricate the lungs as they expand and contract. When excess fluid accumulates, it can impair breathing and indicate underlying health issues. Types of Pleural Effusions: Transudative effusion: Caused by systemic conditions like heart failure, cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome that affect the pressure balance, leading to fluid leakage. Exudative effusion: Resulting from local factors like infection, inflammation, malignancy (e.g., lung cancer or metastatic cancer), or pulmonary embolism. This type tends to have higher protein and cellular content. Common Causes: Congestive heart failure: One of the most common causes of transudative pleural effusion. Pneumonia: Can lead to exudative pleural effusions (sometimes called parapneumonic effusions). Malignancy: Lung cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma...