Hypertension Management (High Blood Pressure) A Complete Guide for Patients उच्च रक्तचाप (हाइपरटेंशन) का संपूर्ण प्रबंधन
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Hypertension Management (High Blood Pressure)
A Complete Guide for Patients
उच्च रक्तचाप (हाइपरटेंशन) का संपूर्ण प्रबंधन
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension kya hai?
Hypertension, commonly known as High Blood Pressure, is a condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls remains persistently high.
Normal BP: 120/80 mmHg
Hypertension: ≥140/90 mmHg (on repeated readings)
हाइपरटेंशन वह स्थिति है जिसमें धमनियों में रक्त का दबाव लगातार अधिक रहता है।
Why is Hypertension Dangerous?
हाइपरटेंशन खतरनाक क्यों है?
Hypertension is called a “Silent Killer” because it may not cause symptoms but can damage vital organs.
Complications include:
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Heart attack & heart failure
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Stroke (paralysis)
-
Kidney failure
-
Eye damage (retinopathy)
-
Erectile dysfunction
हाइपरटेंशन के दुष्परिणाम:
-
हार्ट अटैक
-
लकवा (पैरालिसिस)
-
किडनी फेल्योर
-
आंखों की रोशनी कम होना
Causes & Risk Factors
कारण और जोखिम कारक
Common Causes:
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Excess salt intake
-
Obesity
-
Stress
-
Smoking & alcohol
-
Lack of exercise
-
Diabetes
-
Family history
मुख्य कारण:
-
ज्यादा नमक खाना
-
मोटापा
-
मानसिक तनाव
-
धूम्रपान व शराब
-
शारीरिक गतिविधि की कमी
Symptoms of Hypertension
हाइपरटेंशन के लक्षण
Most patients are asymptomatic.
Possible symptoms:
-
Headache
-
Dizziness
-
Chest discomfort
-
Palpitations
-
Fatigue
👉 Many patients have no symptoms at all, hence regular BP check is essential.
Diagnosis of Hypertension
हाइपरटेंशन का निदान
-
BP measurement on multiple visits
-
Home BP monitoring
-
24-hour ambulatory BP (if needed)
Associated tests:
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Blood sugar
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Lipid profile
-
Kidney function test
-
ECG / Echo
-
Urine examination
Management of Hypertension
हाइपरटेंशन का उपचार एवं नियंत्रण
1. Lifestyle Modification (Foundation of Treatment)
जीवनशैली में बदलाव
✅ Reduce salt (<5 g/day)
✅ Healthy diet (DASH diet)
✅ Weight reduction
✅ Regular exercise (30 min/day)
✅ Stress management (Yoga, meditation)
✅ Quit smoking & alcohol
2. Dietary Advice
खान-पान संबंधी सलाह
✔ More fruits & vegetables
✔ Whole grains
✔ Low-fat dairy
✔ Less fried & processed food
❌ Avoid pickles, papad, chips, bakery food
3. Medical Treatment (Medicines)
दवाइयों द्वारा उपचार
Medicines are selected individually, based on age, BP level, and associated diseases.
Common drug groups:
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ACE inhibitors / ARBs
-
Calcium channel blockers
-
Diuretics
-
Beta blockers
⚠️ Never stop medicines without doctor advice.
Target Blood Pressure Goals
लक्षित ब्लड प्रेशर
| Patient Group | Target BP |
|---|---|
| General adult | <140/90 |
| Diabetes / Kidney disease | <130/80 |
| Elderly | Individualized |
Follow-up & Monitoring
नियमित जांच का महत्व
-
Regular BP monitoring
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Periodic blood tests
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Organ damage screening
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Dose adjustment
Long-term control prevents complications.
When to Seek Immediate Medical Help?
तुरंत डॉक्टर से संपर्क कब करें
🚨 BP >180/120 mmHg
🚨 Chest pain
🚨 Sudden weakness / speech problem
🚨 Severe headache
🚨 Breathlessness
Doctor’s Message
डॉक्टर का संदेश
Hypertension is not a disease of numbers, but a disease of lifestyle. With early diagnosis, disciplined treatment, and patient-doctor trust, blood pressure can be controlled and life can be protected.
Consult:
Dr. Kamlesh Agrawal
MD (Medicine) | Senior Physician
Radha Krishna Critical Care & Multispeciality Hospital
Kota & Bara
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