VERTIGO – Types, Diagnosis & Treatment चक्कर आना – प्रकार, जाँच और उपचार

 

VERTIGO – Types, Diagnosis & Treatment

चक्कर आना – प्रकार, जाँच और उपचार

Vertigo means a false sense of spinning or movement, even when the person is still. Many patients describe it as “everything is rotating” or “खड़े होते ही चक्कर आना”.

It is a symptom, not a disease, and needs proper evaluation to prevent falls and long-term complications.

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1. What is Vertigo? | वर्टिगो क्या है?

Vertigo occurs when there is a disturbance in the inner ear, brain, or neck-balance system, causing imbalance and dizziness.

Common complaints include:

• Spinning sensation (घूमने जैसा चक्कर)

• Loss of balance

• Nausea/vomiting

• Ear ringing (tinnitus)

• Blurred vision

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2. Types of Vertigo | वर्टिगो के प्रकार

A. Peripheral Vertigo (Inner Ear) – 80–90% cases

पेरिफेरल वर्टिगो – कान के अंदर की समस्या

1. BPPV – Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

   • Most common

   • Triggered by head movements

   • Lasts few seconds

   • Simple manoeuvres improve it

2. Vestibular Neuritis / Labyrinthitis

   • Viral infection

   • Severe vertigo lasting days

   • Often associated with vomiting

3. Ménière’s Disease

   • Vertigo + tinnitus + hearing loss

   • Due to increased fluid in inner ear

4. Ear infections / Fluid / Wax

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B. Central Vertigo (Brain-related)

सेंट्रल वर्टिगो – दिमाग से संबंधित
Serious causes that need urgent attention:

• Stroke

• Brain hemorrhage

• Multiple sclerosis

• Migraine-associated vertigo

Red flags:

• Sudden severe headache

• Slurred speech

• Weakness of limbs

• Double vision

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3. Diagnosis of Vertigo | वर्टिगो की जाँच

A proper clinical evaluation is essential.
At Radha Krishna Hospital, Kota & Baran, diagnosis includes:

A. Clinical Evaluation

• Detailed history (trigger, duration, hearing symptoms)

• Neurological examination

• Balance assessment

B. Positional Tests

• Dix–Hallpike Test for BPPV

• Roll test

C. Ear & Hearing Tests

• Audiometry

• Tympanometry

D. Imaging (if required)

• CT / MRI brain

• MR angiography (for stroke suspicion)

E. Blood Tests

• CBC, blood sugar, thyroid, B12, electrolytes

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4. Treatment of Vertigo | वर्टिगो का उपचार

Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

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A. Treatment for Peripheral Vertigo

1. BPPV

• Epley manoeuvre / Semont manoeuvre

• Instant relief in many cases

• Avoid sudden head movements for 48 hours

2. Vestibular Neuritis / Labyrinthitis

• Short course of vestibular suppressants

• Anti-emetics

• Hydration

• Vestibular rehabilitation exercises

3. Ménière’s Disease

• Low-salt diet

• Diuretics (water pills)

• Vestibular suppressants during attack

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B. Treatment for Central Vertigo

Depending on the cause:

• Stroke management

• Migraine treatment

• Neurological care

• Control BP, sugar, cholesterol

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C. General Advice for Vertigo Patients

• Avoid rapid head movements

• Get up slowly from bed

• Drink adequate water

• Reduce caffeine and alcohol

• Use hand support while walking

• Sleep on the elevated side

• Avoid driving during episodes

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5. When to See a Doctor | डॉक्टर को कब दिखाएं?

Seek immediate medical attention if:

• Vertigo lasts > 24 hours

• Recurrent vomiting

• Weakness or numbness

• Slurred speech

• Sudden hearing loss

• Fall or injury due to imbalance

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Conclusion

Vertigo is common but fully treatable with proper evaluation. Early diagnosis prevents complications and restores confidence in daily activities.

For expert care, consultation & vertigo management:
Dr. Kamlesh Agrawal, MD Medicine
Radha Krishna Critical Care Hospital, Kota
Radha Krishna Memorial Hospital, Baran
(Your trusted best physician and doctor in Kota & Baran)