Diabetic Neuropathy – Diagnosis & Treatment डायबिटिक न्यूरोपैथी – पहचान और इलाज

 

Diabetic Neuropathy – Diagnosis & Treatment

डायबिटिक न्यूरोपैथी – पहचान और इलाज


What is Diabetic Neuropathy?

Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing or uncontrolled diabetes. It commonly affects the nerves of the feet and legs, leading to pain, burning, numbness, and imbalance.
लंबे समय तक शुगर बढ़ी रहने से नसों में खराबी आ जाती है, जिसे डायबिटिक न्यूरोपैथी कहते हैं।


Common Symptoms / आम लक्षण

  • Burning or tingling sensation in feet
    पैरों में जलन या झुनझुनी

  • Numbness / decreased sensation
    संवेदना कम होना

  • Sharp stabbing pain
    चुभन वाला दर्द

  • Muscle weakness
    मांसपेशियों की कमजोरी

  • Imbalance while walking
    चलते समय लड़खड़ाना

  • Foot ulcers
    पैरों में घाव बनना


Types of Diabetic Neuropathy / प्रकार

  1. Peripheral Neuropathy – legs & feet

  2. Autonomic Neuropathy – BP, digestion, bladder issues

  3. Focal Neuropathy – sudden nerve pain in single nerve

  4. Proximal Neuropathy – thigh/hip weakness


Diagnosis / जांच कैसे होती है?

1. Clinical Examination (सबसे महत्वपूर्ण)

  • Vibration test (tuning fork)

  • Monofilament test

  • Reflex assessment

2. Blood Tests

  • HbA1c

  • Vitamin B12

  • Thyroid function

3. Nerve Tests

  • Nerve Conduction Study (NCS)

  • Electromyography (EMG)

4. Foot Evaluation

To detect early ulcers or deformities.


Treatment / इलाज

1. Strict Blood Sugar Control (मुख्य इलाज)

  • Target HbA1c < 7% (individualized)

  • Regular monitoring

  • Diet + exercise + appropriate medications

2. Pain Management

Medicines commonly used:

  • Pregabalin

  • Gabapentin

  • Duloxetine

  • Amitriptyline

  • Alpha-lipoic acid (supports nerve health)

(Use under medical supervision only.)

3. Treat Underlying Deficiencies

  • Vitamin B12 supplementation

  • Correct thyroid problems

4. Foot Care (बहुत जरूरी)

  • Daily inspection

  • Comfortable footwear

  • Avoid walking barefoot

  • Early treatment of cracks/calluses

5. Lifestyle Measures

  • 30 minutes of daily walk

  • Weight reduction

  • Stop smoking & alcohol

6. Advanced Therapies

  • TENS therapy

  • Low-level laser therapy

  • Physiotherapy for balance improvement


When to Seek Urgent Medical Help?

  • Sudden severe foot pain

  • Loss of sensation

  • Foot ulcers or blackish discoloration

  • Repeated falls

  • Weakness of toes or legs

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