JAUNDICE

Jaundice is a condition where the skin, the whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow due to an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. It’s not a disease itself but a symptom of various underlying conditions. WHEN BILIRUBINE LEVEL IS MORE THEN 1.2

Causes:

1. Liver problems (Hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer).
2. Gallbladder issues (gallstones, bile duct blockage).
3. Hemolysis (rapid breakdown of red blood cells).
4. Newborn Jaundice (common due to immature liver function in infants).

Types:

1. Pre-hepatic jaundice: Caused by increased breakdown of red blood cells (e.g., hemolytic anemia).
2. Hepatic jaundice: Due to liver dysfunction (e.g., hepatitis, cirrhosis).
3. Post-hepatic jaundice: Caused by obstruction in bile flow (e.g., gallstones).

Symptoms:

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes
• Dark urine
• Pale stools
• Itchiness
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain (in some cases)

Diagnosis:

Doctors may use blood tests to check for:

• Bilirubin levels
• Liver function tests (LFTs)
• Complete blood count (CBC)

Imaging like ultrasound or CT scans may be used to detect liver or gallbladder issues.

Treatment:

Depends on the underlying cause. For example:

• Liver disease: Treatment may involve antiviral or anti-inflammatory medication.
• Obstruction (like gallstones): Surgery or procedures to remove the blockage.
• Hemolysis: Treatment might include medications or blood transfusions.