Drug-Induced Hepatitis (DIH)
A patient-education oriented, clinically practical overview
What is Drug-Induced Hepatitis?
Drug-Induced Hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by medicines, herbal products, or toxins. The liver is the main organ for drug metabolism, and some drugs can injure liver cells directly or through immune reactions.
Hindi:
दवा से होने वाला हेपेटाइटिस वह स्थिति है जिसमें दवाओं या हर्बल उत्पादों के कारण लिवर में सूजन आ जाती है।
Common Drugs Causing Hepatitis
Painkillers: Paracetamol (especially overdose)
Anti-TB drugs: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide
Antibiotics: Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Erythromycin
Antiepileptics: Phenytoin, Valproate
Statins
Herbal / Ayurvedic / Unregulated supplements
⚠️ “Natural” does NOT always mean safe for the liver.
Types of Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Hepatocellular – Raised ALT/AST
Cholestatic – Raised ALP, Bilirubin
Mixed Pattern
Symptoms
Fatigue, weakness
Loss of appetite, nausea
Yellow eyes/skin (jaundice)
Dark urine, pale stools
Itching
Right upper abdominal pain
👉 Some patients remain asymptomatic and are detected only on blood tests.
Risk Factors
Elderly age
Female gender
Alcohol use
Pre-existing liver disease
Polypharmacy (multiple drugs)
Long-term drug use
Diagnosis
Detailed drug history (including OTC & herbal)
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
Viral hepatitis markers (to exclude infection)
Ultrasound abdomen
Causality assessment (clinical judgement)
Management
✅ Immediate stoppage of suspected drug
✅ Supportive care
✅ Monitor LFTs regularly
✅ Specific antidote if available (e.g., N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol toxicity)
❌ Re-challenge usually avoided
Most patients recover completely if detected early.
When is it Serious?
🚨 Seek urgent care if:
Persistent vomiting
Deep jaundice
Altered sensorium
Bleeding tendency
Very high liver enzymes or INR
Prevention – Doctor’s Advice
Avoid self-medication
Do not exceed prescribed doses
Inform your doctor about all medicines & supplements
Regular monitoring during long-term therapy
Avoid alcohol while on hepatotoxic drugs
Key Message for Patients
🩺 “Liver injury due to medicines is often reversible if identified early. Always consult before starting or stopping any drug.”
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