Drug-Induced Hepatitis (DIH)

A patient-education oriented, clinically practical overview


What is Drug-Induced Hepatitis?

Drug-Induced Hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by medicines, herbal products, or toxins. The liver is the main organ for drug metabolism, and some drugs can injure liver cells directly or through immune reactions.

Hindi:
दवा से होने वाला हेपेटाइटिस वह स्थिति है जिसमें दवाओं या हर्बल उत्पादों के कारण लिवर में सूजन आ जाती है।


Common Drugs Causing Hepatitis

  • Painkillers: Paracetamol (especially overdose)

  • Anti-TB drugs: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide

  • Antibiotics: Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Erythromycin

  • Antiepileptics: Phenytoin, Valproate

  • Statins

  • Herbal / Ayurvedic / Unregulated supplements

⚠️ “Natural” does NOT always mean safe for the liver.


Types of Drug-Induced Liver Injury

  1. Hepatocellular – Raised ALT/AST

  2. Cholestatic – Raised ALP, Bilirubin

  3. Mixed Pattern


Symptoms

  • Fatigue, weakness

  • Loss of appetite, nausea

  • Yellow eyes/skin (jaundice)

  • Dark urine, pale stools

  • Itching

  • Right upper abdominal pain

👉 Some patients remain asymptomatic and are detected only on blood tests.


Risk Factors

  • Elderly age

  • Female gender

  • Alcohol use

  • Pre-existing liver disease

  • Polypharmacy (multiple drugs)

  • Long-term drug use


Diagnosis

  • Detailed drug history (including OTC & herbal)

  • Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

  • Viral hepatitis markers (to exclude infection)

  • Ultrasound abdomen

  • Causality assessment (clinical judgement)


Management

Immediate stoppage of suspected drug
✅ Supportive care
✅ Monitor LFTs regularly
✅ Specific antidote if available (e.g., N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol toxicity)
❌ Re-challenge usually avoided

Most patients recover completely if detected early.


When is it Serious?

🚨 Seek urgent care if:

  • Persistent vomiting

  • Deep jaundice

  • Altered sensorium

  • Bleeding tendency

  • Very high liver enzymes or INR


Prevention – Doctor’s Advice

  • Avoid self-medication

  • Do not exceed prescribed doses

  • Inform your doctor about all medicines & supplements

  • Regular monitoring during long-term therapy

  • Avoid alcohol while on hepatotoxic drugs


Key Message for Patients

🩺 “Liver injury due to medicines is often reversible if identified early. Always consult before starting or stopping any drug.”

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