💧 Edema — Generalised and Localised Swelling ( सूजन के कारण):

 

💧 Edema — Generalised and Localised Swelling

By Dr. Kamlesh Agrawal
Consultant Physician & Critical Care Specialist
Radha Krishna Critical Care Hospital, Kota

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🌍 What is Edema?

Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue causing visible swelling.
It can be generalised (whole body) or localised (limited to one part) depending on the underlying cause.

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🩺 Causes of Generalised Edema (सामान्य सूजन के कारण):

1. Heart Failure (हृदय की कमजोरी) – Reduced cardiac output leads to fluid retention.

2. Kidney Disease (किडनी की बीमारी) – Protein loss or sodium retention causes puffiness around eyes and legs.

3. Liver Cirrhosis (लीवर सिरोसिस) – Decreased albumin synthesis causes fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascites).

4. Protein Deficiency (प्रोटीन की कमी) – Seen in malnutrition or intestinal loss of protein.

5. Endocrine Disorders (हार्मोन की गड़बड़ी) – Hypothyroidism can cause facial puffiness.

6. Drugs (दवाइयों के दुष्प्रभाव) – Steroids, NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers can cause edema.

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📍 Causes of Localised Edema (स्थानीय सूजन के कारण):

1. Infection or Inflammation (संक्रमण या सूजन) – Cellulitis, abscess.

2. Venous Obstruction (शिराओं में रुकावट) – Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

3. Lymphatic Obstruction (लसीका मार्ग रुकावट) – Filariasis, surgery, or tumor compression.

4. Allergic Reaction (एलर्जी की प्रतिक्रिया) – Angioedema, insect bite.

5. Trauma (चोट) – Local tissue injury.

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🔬 Investigations for Edema (सूजन की जांच):

🧪 Blood Tests:

• CBC, ESR

• Kidney function test (Urea, Creatinine)

• Liver function test (Albumin, Bilirubin)

• Thyroid function test (TSH, T3, T4)

• Serum electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺)

💧 Urine Tests:

• Urine protein, routine and microscopy

• 24-hour urine protein (for nephrotic syndrome)

🩻 Imaging Studies:

• Chest X-ray – for heart failure

• Ultrasound Abdomen – for liver, kidney, ascites

• Doppler study – for DVT or venous obstruction

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🩹 Conclusion (निष्कर्ष):

Edema is a sign, not a disease. Identifying the underlying cause through proper investigations is essential for effective management.

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🩺 Dr. Kamlesh Agrawal
Consultant Physician & Critical Care Specialist
Radha Krishna Critical Care Hospital, Kota
📍 Committed to compassionate, evidence-based care